The Political Force of Pronouns

I was going to write an essay today about identity politics and gender ideology. It’s a big, interesting subject, with plenty to argue about. But one aspect of it has become a wedge issue politically. I’m talking about the crusade to mandate (either by social force or by legal force) “gender preferred” pronouns.

In case you aren’t familiar with the debate, it has several iterations. Three of the most common are:

* Gender is a social construct. Masculine and feminine are adjectives that describe personal traits that society has invented. They purport to describe the differing tendencies and characteristics of males and females. But in reality, they are traits that either sex can have and exhibit.

* Sex, too, is a social construct. Unlike other mammals, the sex of Homo sapiens is not determined by DNA or the biological results of DNA, such as genitalia. One’s sex is determined by the sex one “identifies as” at any point in time.

* Because both gender and sex are social constructs, gender and sex don’t exist. To put it differently, gender and sex exist only as notions of identity on an ever-changing ideational spectrum that cannot be, and should not be, defined by either law or custom. Doing so, even accidentally, is a form of violence, and should be prohibited by force.

As I’ve mentioned before, I am well aware that there are people that feel like they were born in, or are otherwise living in, a physical body that does not comport to the sex they identify with. Furthermore, I believe that adults who feel that way have a right to change their physical appearance and emotional tendencies by taking hormones and having surgery – measures that require a great deal of bravery. My guess is that having “gender affirming care,” as they call it, is unlikely to improve their mental health. Still, they have every right to give it a go. And when an individual has completed this transformation, I believe it would be mean spirited, when in the presence of such a fully transitioned individual, to refuse to use the pronoun that comports with their renovated (however artificially) body. I don’t think it should be outlawed, but I don’t see why any considerate person should do otherwise.

That said, I do have a problem when the “preferred” pronoun debate gets bizarre and irrational. For example:

* When people who have not transitioned insist on being called what they do not in any way look like.

* Or when, as is the case with Canada, the state mandates that citizens use preferred pronouns under penalty of law.

The problem with these two stances is obvious. It is only by the threat of social or legal punishment that a society can force individuals to say they believe something is true that is obviously false. A big, hairy man with a penis wearing a skirt and lipstick is not a woman. No matter how he dresses or what sort of cosmetic he puts on his face.

What we could call such a person… what we should call such a person is “a man that identifies as a woman.”

That’s it. Nothing more. If he hasn’t done the transition, he is not, by any stretch of logic, a woman. Why, except for mental illness, should he claim to be?

And by the way, what’s wrong with being called “a man that identifies as a woman” when that is what one is? Don’t be embarrassed. Own it. Say it. Be proud of it!

Likewise, how can anyone that is rational agree to call such a man a woman? One can argue that using a non-transitioned person’s preferred pronouns is “a courtesy” and “no big thing.”  But it is a big thing. It’s scientifically and provably false.

To say that to take part in a very dangerous social deceit that cannot be described as anything other than a new religion.

I was going to write more on the preferred pronoun issue, but I’m running out of time. So I’ll just outline my arguments by saying this:

* If you can redefine a word, you can redefine a thought.

* If you can banish a word, you can silence a thought.

* If you can silence a thought, you can silence an idea.

* If you can silence an idea, you can banish an ideology.

* If you can banish an ideology, you can banish rational thinking.

* If you can banish rational thinking, you can create new laws.

* If you can create new laws, you can vanquish your opponents.

* If you can vanquish your opponents and banish rational thinking, you can have a contented, tyrannical state.

* Mandated language is the single most important step on the road to tyranny.

And here are some thoughts on the subject that I’ve gathered from others:

* Pronouns are the gateway drug to a larger ideology. Our kindness and politeness is weaponized.

* Pronouns are a wedge of speech control under the disguise of politeness. It’s a huge, narcissistic burden upon other people.

* When asked for my pronouns, I say “I have no special requests.” And if they push, I tell them “I have no desire to dictate your speech. Use whatever pronouns you want for me, and if they aren’t correct I promise I will not crumble.”

* Pronouns are words that other people use to describe you. To dictate pronouns is to dictate another person’s speech.

* No one ever addresses why a person with gender confusion’s right to coerce speech from other people trumps my right to live in reality. I find it traumatic to be forced into saying things I know are not true. This is significant stress. So why is it not considered cruel and unfair to FORCE me to go along with the pronoun game?

* What I do is first say, “Are you sure it’s okay. I mean, I don’t want to impose.” Given encouragement, I say, “Thank you for the freedom to finally express my inner self. My pronoun is “His Sublime Majesty.”

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The Contemporary Art Market Is Still Strong

The high end of the art market has been doing very well for a surprisingly long time. In recent months, however, there’s been some softening. That’s not surprising. In fact, it’s overdue. What I’m comforted to see, however, is that – so far, at least – there’s been nothing that feels like a crash.

I had my eye on a recent Christie’s auction that was dedicated solely to contemporary art. Twenty-seven lots were offered, including a big 1983 triptych by Jean-Michel Basquiat that was, for me, the most important indicator.

The total price for the group came to $75 million ($99 million with buyers’ fees). That was in the middle of the pre-sale estimate. The bulk of those dollars were for the Basquiat. But the most exciting sale was a 2020 painting by Danielle McKinney (“We Need to Talk”), which was estimated to sell for $20,000 but fetched $201,600!

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The Trial 

By Franz Kafka

Written in 1914 and published posthumously in 1925

176 pages

May’s book selection for The Mules was The Trial by Franz Kafka. We don’t often read classics, but I’m always happy when we do. In some cases, I get to read an important book that I’ve never read. If I’ve read it already, it’s even better. Classic books are classics for a reason. You can’t possibly get all they offer in a single read.

Prior to this, I had read only one book by Kafka: Metamorphosis. (I think it was assigned in college.) But if ever The Trialcame up in conversation, I’m sure I would have pretended to have read it. Even in high school, I was well aware that reading Kafka – and these two novels in particular – was de rigueur for anyone that wanted to present himself as well read.

I’m not sure how to describe The Trial. It reminded me a bit of Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment. In both books, the protagonist is involved in the criminal justice system. In both, there is a good deal of philosophical consideration that carries along just under the action. Both Kafka and Dostoevsky have an ability to present a dark, almost fatalistic, view of the world in an unsettling but comic way.

But The Trial also reminded me of some of Samuel Beckett’s plays (Waiting for Godot, Endgame, etc.) in its soporific pace, simplicity of language, and absurdist point of view. I found myself thinking, “Okay, I get it,” after the second chapter. I almost stopped reading. But, first, I decided to watch Orson Welles’s rendition of the story on film. And I’m glad I did. It was mesmerizing and sent me back into the book with the energy to finish it.

The Plot 

On the morning of his thirtieth birthday, Josef K, the chief cashier of a bank, is unexpectedly arrested by two unidentified agents from an unspecified agency for an unspecified crime. Josef is not imprisoned, however, but left “free” and told to await instructions from the Committee of Affairs.

The rest of the book is like a bad dream. For the protagonist, things go steadily from bad to worse.

The Themes 

We didn’t spend much if any time on the plot. The plot, in any good absurdist or existential novel, is not the point. Our conversation was all about the themes that presented themselves continually in the reading of the book and then came back to haunt the reader after putting it down.

At one level – the most basic, I think – The Trial is about the endless tyranny of bureaucracy. But it is also very much about the existential dilemma of being human in a nihilistic, post-Enlightenment, post-religious world, where finding meaning in life is impossible, unless one can find meaning in nothingness. (An idea that Sartre, among other existentialists, made a fair case for.)

A major theme of the book, which I was surprised most of the Mules didn’t recognize, was guilt – the result of man’s original sin: being born with a self-reflective consciousness and having to deal with its constant reminders of his weaknesses and failures.

Okay, I’ll stop here. I was hoping to give you a sense of how many interesting and potentially pompous topics The Trialcould lend to any philosophical conversation, as it did to ours that evening.

Here is what I need to say. The Trial is, as advertised, a great book. Not great in the sense of “I really enjoyed reading it,” but great in the sense of “If you want to experience why Kafka is considered so important by so many smart people, you have to read it.”

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The Trial

Directed by Orson Welles

Screenplay by Orson Welles, based on The Trial by Franz Kafka

Starring Anthony Perkins, Orson Welles, Jeanne Moreau, Romy Schneider, Akim Tamiroff, and Elsa Martinelli

Original release date Dec. 22, 1962 (France)

There have been at least three film adaptations of The Trial. I’ve only seen the one by Orson Welles. But it was great – well worth watching in conjunction with reading the book.

What I especially liked about it:

* The mood, which is attributable to Welles and Edmond Richard (the cinematographer).

* The music by Jean Ledrut and Tomaso Albinoni.

* The fact that Josef K, the protagonist, is played by a young and visually arresting Anthony Perkins.

You can watch the trailer here.

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From AS, re my comments about the rear-naked choke hold in the May 26 issue: 

“In all the media reports about the subway debacle I saw, there was no physical contact, that is until the ex-marine used the choke hold.

“They taught that choke hold to us in the Army. There was no explanation in terms of different levels of damage it might cause. That’s because they were teaching us to kill. Yes, it is quite lethal.”

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I was familiar with the phrase “house of cards” – usually used to describe a situation or plan that is in imminent danger of collapse. But I didn’t realize that stacking playing cards into impossibly tall/complex structures can be an art form.

Click here for a fascinating video.

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The Rear-Naked Choke: How Lethal Is It?

I’ve been thinking about the Jordan Neely/NYC subway situation a bit. Not so much because it resulted in political outrage with Black/White overtones, but because of the comments made about the choke hold that precipitated Neely’s death.

Jordan Neely, who was Black, entered a NYC subway car in a frenzy and began screaming and threatening passengers. This resulted in a physical confrontation with several people, including Daniel Penny, a 24-year-old, White, ex-Marine.

During the struggle, Penny put him into a choke hold and, along with two other men, held him on the ground. At some point, Neely lost consciousness. At some point after that, Penny recognized that Neely was unconscious and released him. He then elevated Neely’s legs, which is a standard way of reviving unconscious people. According to some accounts, Neely regained consciousness, at which time the police arrived. Neely was taken to the hospital and Penny was taken to the police station, questioned, and released, pending an investigation by the Manhattan DA’s office.

Later, at the hospital, Neely was pronounced dead. After an examination by the coroner’s office, the death was pronounced a homicide.

The fact that Penny was not held until charges were filed incensed some people, including media and political figures. Fortune Magazine compared the incident to the Bernie Goetz case. (Goetz was a White man who, in the 1980s, was accused and acquitted of murdering four young Black men after one of them asked him for money.) And US Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez issued a press release saying, “This honestly feels like a new low: not being able to clearly condemn a public murder because the victim was of a social status some would deem ‘too low’ to care about.”

Since then, other public figures have voiced their opinions about the incident. As one would expect, they included arguments about race, subway violence, and mental health.

The case will likely drag on because there are some real issues to be decided. The self-defense plea is complicated because, under New York’s penal code, a person who uses deadly force must not only prove that they feared for their own life or someone else’s, but that any reasonable person would have felt the same way.

The defense could also highlight Neely’s criminal record, which includes dozens of arrests, ranging from disorderly conduct to assault. Most recently, in 2021, he was charged with assaulting a 67-year-old woman leaving a subway station. After pleading guilty, he missed a court date, leading to a warrant for his arrest that was still active at the time of his death.

Okay, you may know all of that already. Here’s what I wanted to say…

I watched a fair amount of the TV coverage on this. Many of the commentators were alarmed about the choke. Most mentioned that Penny was a former Marine. Some speculated that, as a Marine, he had learned this choke and knew that it could be lethal. I can understand why it would seem scary to them. The idea that anyone trained to use it could kill anyone at any time for any reason – well, that is pretty scary. It’s why, if someone discovers that you have a black belt in Brazilian Jiu Jitsu, they might say, “Well, I have something better. A gun!”

An understandable reaction. But it’s largely irrational.

The choke that Penny applied, commonly referred to as a rear-naked choke, is actually very common. In fact, I can say pretty confidently that it is used thousands of times every day. It is taught and practiced in every MMA and BJJ studio in every town and city in every state from California to Maine.

That said, it can be lethal.

There are many questions that will be brought up during the rest of the investigation and the trial, including:

* Did Penny use the choke because he felt his life or the lives of those around him were in danger?

* Did he use it with the intention of killing Penny?

* If he didn’t use it with that intention, did he use it with reckless abandon?

A few facts:

If you secure a rear-naked choke and hold it tightly for five to ten seconds, your opponent will lose consciousness. If you continue to hold it for three to four minutes, your opponent will likely die. Death comes not so much from asphyxiation, but from the blood flow being cut off between the heart and the brain.

But, as I said, this is a choke that is applied safely in grappling contests all the time. It is safe because when grapplers learn to use it, they also learn that it can be lethal and, thus, should not be held for more than a few seconds.

If Penny was an expert – say, a black belt in Jiu Jitsu – he would have known how to apply this choke without endangering Neely’s life. He would have also known that it is an extremely effective restraining hold, virtually impossible to escape from.

That brings me to this: If Penny is proven to be an expert in Brazilian Jiu Jitsu or Mixed Martial Arts, it’s going to be hard for him to convince anyone – well me, at least – that he did not either intend to kill Neely or act with recklessness in applying the hold as a choke and then holding it for so long. But if, as I suspect, he learned the choke as a Marine, it is likely that he had only a rudimentary understanding of it. And if that is the case, he most probably used it simply as a restraining hold.

I don’t know what was in Penny’s mind. But if you go to YouTube and look for “pedestrians using martial arts to stop criminals,” you’ll find dozens of videos of men (and even some women) using BJJ techniques to subdue and restrain people in the process of committing a crime. My guess is that Penny had seen such videos and thought that, if he ever had the chance, he would be able to act the hero by applying this technique that he knew so little about.

Which is to say that to determine whether Penny is guilty of homicide or involuntary manslaughter, or guilty of nothing at all, will depend on whether his actions, in applying the choke, came from fear or ignorance or anger or stupidity.

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Look Who’s Competing in Brazilian Jiu Jitsu

When Rorion Gracie brought his family’s style of Jiu Jitsu to America in 1978, no one had ever heard of it. But when Rorion’s younger brother Royce entered the Ultimate Fighting Contest in 1993, the first televised Mixed Martial Arts competition, and dominated all the other contestants – professional boxers, wrestlers, Karate and Kung Fu masters – the popularity of the sport exploded.

Today, BJJ is taught in every country in the world. And Mixed Martial Arts (its offspring) is a billion-dollar business.

BJJ attracts all sorts of students – from moms and daughters (see “Readers Write” in Tuesday’s issue) to dads and sons, to competitive athletes, to law enforcement officers, to doctors and lawyers and other professionals. It has also attracted a good number of celebrities, such as…

* Nicolas Cage

* Russell Brand

* Vin Diesel

* Jonah Hill

* Joe Rogan

* Vince Vaughn

* Shaquille O’Neal

* Guy Ritchie

* Jason Statham

* Usher

I haven’t been surprised to see folks like that take part. But when Mark Zuckerberg announced on social media that he was not only taking lessons, but competing… I was shocked. If you check out the commentary about it, you’ll find a good deal of skepticism, and even suggestions that he paid for his two victories. But I give the guy credit. It takes a lot of willpower to keep at BJJ as an adult (especially if you are a high-level executive). But to actually compete – even at a local tournament – that takes guts!

Here’s a clip of a tournament he was in recently.

Here’s something fun: Shaquille O’Neal in an exhibition match with UFC champion and BJJ black belt Forrest Griffin.

And here’s some info on the history of BJJ.

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